diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/stacktrace.c b/arch/arm/kernel/stacktrace.c
index 86870f40f9a07558877d1d7dba098ad5926c4bbf..71778bb0475b31376d88d33eb898732caa4c0588 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/stacktrace.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c b/arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c
index 5bf9443cfbaa63108f8bc11f4356774591e3e29c..d42b9331618325467e0d696f7814097ca7c78dc9 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/nommu.c b/arch/arm/mm/nommu.c
index 7d67c70bbded38ce20cf4216fbf7ab9579542f76..24ecf8d30a1e973b2b464ee1b3e51b7c03927899 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mm/nommu.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/nommu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/arch/arm/mm/nommu.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c b/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c
index 17e478928276a8b950797f3bf5dc6e70cb918c68..1e57692552d9db9bd5617b902c0e1b8de3e9cbe4 100644
--- a/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c
+++ b/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <xen/xen.h>
 #include <xen/events.h>
 #include <xen/grant_table.h>
diff --git a/arch/arm/xen/mm.c b/arch/arm/xen/mm.c
index e1d44b903dfc3fd7f9d252ba266cc1e64ab20c61..d33b77e9add39646fe86b179629bf39c93bb9580 100644
--- a/arch/arm/xen/mm.c
+++ b/arch/arm/xen/mm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
diff --git a/arch/arm/xen/p2m.c b/arch/arm/xen/p2m.c
index da2a7044a124df5f829615dddef11a6e4e2cc6c5..e52950a43f2ed6aa52a7ce94dc1a07899c3475c7 100644
--- a/arch/arm/xen/p2m.c
+++ b/arch/arm/xen/p2m.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/memblock.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/esi_stub.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/esi_stub.S
index 2c369bf77c4bc92df695f1d7cb34584355534499..821e68d1059874454efb1cf0a845a668de4990ef 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/esi_stub.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/esi_stub.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * ESI call stub.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c
index 5cabb3fd159ffecd62b71d501338b635f332199c..6a52d761854b525e2d32cb66c600d4241c03004c 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * File:	mca.c
  * Purpose:	Generic MCA handling layer
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c
index 7a969f4c3534d3d2b2802e4b561202af0cdbf008..58a6337c06905d3c8edefc12acdac5e34b95792f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file implements the perfmon-2 subsystem which is used
  * to program the IA-64 Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU).
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/sal.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/sal.c
index 0464173ea56846e31a8f3424ab03ae18fa6faca8..9b2331ac10cebf5a2b278a73886d397b0225f0e8 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/sal.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/sal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * System Abstraction Layer (SAL) interface routines.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c
index 7f706d4f84f7e8328bd77eb96879ed388fa1094d..133b63355814b45bcbce6d4cf45d2b8dbb192bd8 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SMP Support
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/smpboot.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/smpboot.c
index 51ec944b036c438c400a9325f864168e56210915..d0474a0c67db5050704eb614fb4995cd0b54643f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/smpboot.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/smpboot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SMP boot-related support
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/time.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/time.c
index 9025699049ca63b3834ed917d935224009d2d7a8..4ecd81b0e8ecb79d800251c1c1e55891d2e750e3 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/time.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/time.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/arch/ia64/kernel/time.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/flush.S b/arch/ia64/lib/flush.S
index 9a5a2f9fad132ef8c59c3aea2e4d0810f06efbc8..8573d59c9ed17098bfd1b38243b9c5a178fdcb8f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/flush.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/flush.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * Cache flushing routines.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/mm/tlb.c b/arch/ia64/mm/tlb.c
index 5158bd28de0551588b29ab9ca2f7a76e0a18d409..0714df1b78547d234d2f1bfaf590ea74063e9ef7 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/mm/tlb.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/mm/tlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TLB support routines.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/pci/pci.c b/arch/ia64/pci/pci.c
index 196a0dd7ff97b0370cffc7dcecf101a18a0b7242..e308196c22299ddacef1a962608efcc541486a34 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/pci/pci.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/pci/pci.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pci.c - Low-Level PCI Access in IA-64
  *
diff --git a/arch/m68k/kernel/time.c b/arch/m68k/kernel/time.c
index 3a8b47f8f97b820bfa627f79ffbefa268516a2d2..c2697a4d4ddd79c92c8e07a27dbcbd6d8fec6df2 100644
--- a/arch/m68k/kernel/time.c
+++ b/arch/m68k/kernel/time.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/arch/m68k/kernel/time.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/m68k/mac/psc.c b/arch/m68k/mac/psc.c
index 8d547df4e16c23c65be11a90c6ee65e2704ff972..0d0965b19c09b439f3a77f89ca60664432bcd80b 100644
--- a/arch/m68k/mac/psc.c
+++ b/arch/m68k/mac/psc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Apple Peripheral System Controller (PSC)
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/alchemy/common/usb.c b/arch/mips/alchemy/common/usb.c
index 634edd3ded38a6aed6b93a6e4619835126bb9b21..5d618547ebf0155643f7dc5c419a64f8ce88884b 100644
--- a/arch/mips/alchemy/common/usb.c
+++ b/arch/mips/alchemy/common/usb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * USB block power/access management abstraction.
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/alchemy/common/vss.c b/arch/mips/alchemy/common/vss.c
index a7bd32e9831b4a23c0a378950318cae84e879db2..3d0d468d93a5796d66ff6b6fa211134a5cbcb835 100644
--- a/arch/mips/alchemy/common/vss.c
+++ b/arch/mips/alchemy/common/vss.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Au1300 media block power gating (VSS)
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/alchemy/devboards/bcsr.c b/arch/mips/alchemy/devboards/bcsr.c
index c1a2daaf300a5819d858989bfa76ccaffb37f31e..8df0ccdc9287285a9a04c08a5a12657bd6f82c59 100644
--- a/arch/mips/alchemy/devboards/bcsr.c
+++ b/arch/mips/alchemy/devboards/bcsr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * bcsr.h -- Db1xxx/Pb1xxx Devboard CPLD registers ("BCSR") abstraction.
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/stacktrace.c b/arch/mips/kernel/stacktrace.c
index 7c7c902249f2af2e4233d76a19f372c72463a1cd..f2e72094051bda1c9b3cbdda751e2580bdbd790a 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/stacktrace.c
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Stack trace management functions
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c b/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c
index b225033aade6e423de9e853fc80b61c261cc978d..282b47c2dc2707b5ed2f173f946d6c4f742fc145 100644
--- a/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c
+++ b/arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-gio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/parisc/kernel/stacktrace.c b/arch/parisc/kernel/stacktrace.c
index 6f0b9c8d80523682f85ab3f927ecbe3f9e96f188..34bf6d6bf6e8ff40d1ddc112242e7b5142b17f35 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/kernel/stacktrace.c
+++ b/arch/parisc/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Stack trace management functions
  *
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/pci_32.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/pci_32.c
index 0417fda13636aef01b6f962d56e48b683a6b0282..50942a1d1a5fbabedc30e3951a53764b0bb54ddc 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/pci_32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/pci_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common pmac/prep/chrp pci routines. -- Cort
  */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_32.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_32.c
index 3fb9f64f88fdd9fef3d335d17b7634e6771e335a..94517e4a2723593402cff11780d712be3319ec75 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common prep/pmac/chrp boot and setup code.
  */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/sysfs.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/sysfs.c
index 7a1708875d27d11c2de6ad45e837d1d4dc63cecc..e2147d7c9e72fb38f7ff86e5b2bc31b9263d895a 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/sysfs.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/sysfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/smp.h>
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/cbe_regs.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/cbe_regs.c
index 27ee65b89099de8c79a8323e310b7acdf3b7acd1..0be212a2725466a2c07e1d2e4b3d9134419a83db 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/cbe_regs.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/cbe_regs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * cbe_regs.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spu_callbacks.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spu_callbacks.c
index b5f35cbe9e2178cb07526dc386659b8e5e7f1f63..cbee3666da073cd31156e37e5627f4595c588f51 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spu_callbacks.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spu_callbacks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * System call callback functions for SPUs
  */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/backlight.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/backlight.c
index 6b5dcccae1d30b6d5fc94b5c385efca66e61957b..32224cb489d757dda98eb733f6ad7edbbf3a578e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/backlight.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/backlight.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Miscellaneous procedures for dealing with the PowerMac hardware.
  * Contains support for the backlight.
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/pfunc_core.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/pfunc_core.c
index e0462fedcdb8f50e50eb1267dfb76d2683bf5e58..94df0a91b46fdb5c4a7d52c219830d4334055507 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/pfunc_core.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/pfunc_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * FIXME: Properly make this race free with refcounting etc...
diff --git a/arch/sh/mm/init.c b/arch/sh/mm/init.c
index 5aeb4d7099a16a21cb07609e3839856bd001a330..13c6a6bb5fd9b7250a932ddf71ac1929b9791ce0 100644
--- a/arch/sh/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/sh/mm/init.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/arch/sh/mm/init.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/helpers.S b/arch/sparc/kernel/helpers.S
index e4e5b832fcb6f9313b353400e45a840afbd29e26..9b3f74706cfbccf215826eeccc3983b480b69df1 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/helpers.S
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/helpers.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 	.align	32
 	.globl	__flushw_user
 	.type	__flushw_user,#function
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/nmi.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/nmi.c
index 8babbeb30adf9bee71b822bf9adc99cd905ec4f3..060fff95a305c1135432f94a37216f68c76d6725 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/nmi.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/nmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Pseudo NMI support on sparc64 systems.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2009 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/of_device_common.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/of_device_common.c
index b186b7f0f6c4086ca3d0f27898e70782410f2609..b32cc56107120940a4b63c2fef8b85407f59b424 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/of_device_common.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/of_device_common.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/pcr.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/pcr.c
index eb978c77c76a78d401e5dce22b4f5bafa8ef948d..c0886b400dad23a58057d0f0869bb64ba16616a7 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/pcr.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/pcr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* pcr.c: Generic sparc64 performance counter infrastructure.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2009 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/ptrace_64.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/ptrace_64.c
index e1d965e90e1697a8205ca505dbf428cb37b30312..c9d41a96468f7cfc3886a0bc30df5276a5d97ad3 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/ptrace_64.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/ptrace_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* ptrace.c: Sparc process tracing support.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1996, 2008 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/stacktrace.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/stacktrace.c
index dd654e651500d3fc4e8e1edc9e0506e639c5d782..d8eb1d149f9f5c22b9ae12e311f2d31ea303fcf3 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/stacktrace.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/traps_64.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/traps_64.c
index 0cd02a64a4514a6d07c65d33c685a92db1cbfdbe..04aa588d5dd1b8cdea2cfbf523ade1923555751a 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/traps_64.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/traps_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* arch/sparc64/kernel/traps.c
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1995,1997,2008,2009,2012 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/amd/core.c b/arch/x86/events/amd/core.c
index f15441b07dad8a94b914299e3d0ed1b5fc909677..e7d35f60d53fcc05e3dfef02f7af98eb84c40186 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/amd/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/amd/core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c b/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c
index 546d13e436aafae54764787736f9501a110a8d4b..a5436cee20b1283623fa56db2348efd29fdcdd14 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/intel/core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Per core/cpu state
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/cstate.c b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/cstate.c
index cb6e076a6d3989d30fbe7fbc1824df27663e16c5..a5e5484988fdd080d73f6a8ad7d1d9808eeea71d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/cstate.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/cstate.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2005 Intel Corporation
  * 	Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
index 7b9b49dfc05affe6bfd4adba2869287869f9c9b7..390596b761e347686127e193b7205cdb3412b5ea 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "SMP alternatives: " fmt
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
index ab6af775f06c2235062a35b8e4003736ad2d0940..177aa8ef2afa7c6691ea64a2131ba2a3dd1b5da4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Local APIC handling, local APIC timers
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
index fb6a64bd765fc99c9362aedd8e64240eff267852..80a405c2048a3b9e352116a5ee6a1973ee412496 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/elf.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index d7f55ad2dfb1f153fbd95ef6dca7f5d817d26e51..2c57fffebf9baed62493529107738c99139e1989 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* cpu_feature_enabled() cannot be used this early */
 #define USE_EARLY_PGTABLE_L5
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c
index 5112a50e6486fdd4c96083375e6e919591bab90b..282916f3b8d8c6c7ac4d5a6086a0ac4b1506ef6a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Machine check handler.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/dev-mcelog.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/dev-mcelog.c
index 9690ec5c80515f73a2a3705b23f673574fe035e4..7c8958dee10357960aee868eb315b1af1272aed5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/dev-mcelog.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/dev-mcelog.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * /dev/mcelog driver
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/therm_throt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/therm_throt.c
index 10a3b05993003f2567168e5fdeced4febddea416..6e2becf547c5e4aba74eb9c3a16d050df2cc970a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/therm_throt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/therm_throt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Thermal throttle event support code (such as syslog messaging and rate
  * limiting) that was factored out from x86_64 (mce_intel.c) and i386 (p4.c).
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c
index 86e277f8daf420b1d6b1f82992cc536776a50865..9356c1c9024d53ff46c1f221c171c600d79a5f3e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/generic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This only handles 32bit MTRR on 32bit hosts. This is strictly wrong
  * because MTRRs can span up to 40 bits (36bits on most modern x86)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c b/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c
index a96ca85848039878be760b54f6d77765344c737b..576b2e1bfc12dde26e464b162744a21dc4a04af9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c b/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c
index 76dd605ee2a38f78137c1f94c66d9e4f1d0d9171..8f32e705a980b63a0f8a6a2d420196d754735e91 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Low level x86 E820 memory map handling functions.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/core.c
index ce243f76bdb7bd9b281228c25f3b20d83601375f..466fca686fb97cc9bb57f0dafba19c292037f948 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994 Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/init.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/init.c
index 20d8fa7124c77a7ea08a185c40c5b0758f6b9300..ef0030e3fe6b989542e9e557a11bf14a13b3e674 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/init.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/init.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * x86 FPU boot time init code:
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
index 9c459fd1d38e6cbf0414dbbb0209fc9428bee92b..3c36dd1784db6c1662f036ca587fbbe3add5bd1b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/xstate.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * xsave/xrstor support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c b/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
index fb32925a2e62bc462c22429c4a5a5c73fca3c028..a0573f2e77637851462219e77e8f38daaabc8a10 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/clocksource.h>
 #include <linux/clockchips.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
index 59b5f2ea7c2f32d8c02181be432262b2df97ea1a..9b68b5b00ac91cf7755c9767d8e78c1a558dacb8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common interrupt code for 32 and 64 bit
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
index 05b09896cfafa23ab2706be52920df6178acf4c5..4df7705022b9d99500d3c36e8c524f00aed4dfe6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index f8e1af380cdfceebf241f9ca97b5ddd175e16841..250e4c4ac6d93ae7c1d6b5e07ffacf8363306883 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
index 4b8ee05dd6addf89478a4f26e8b8d6be29329721..a166c960bc9e394be2e2f1be0463cf239d18757c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* By Ross Biro 1/23/92 */
 /*
  * Pentium III FXSR, SSE support
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
index 905dae880563889db4e7bbabfd0abcf37d5d5995..08a5f4a131f54ffa0b67b41e590ed4b04d8d8463 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
index 356dfc555a27ff14015eb0d88614383b100a8efc..0b29e58f288e81b189a25306f76089ab832c9633 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_frame.c b/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_frame.c
index 9b9fd4826e7ab4e8275877a0ebeba345d5e78e3f..6106760de71657fd8f8bd4565a21c867adfe8a3b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_frame.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_frame.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_guess.c b/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_guess.c
index 4f0e17b90463a653db8f49122fc355151b600465..c49f10ffd8cded385e9c0e26cc65406de78a925b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_guess.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_guess.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_orc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_orc.c
index 89be1be1790c413f2030eaee83c379c58bafde5c..33b66b5c5aec3244a11f565ed0334383b8c29fae 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_orc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_orc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/sort.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/clear_page_64.S b/arch/x86/lib/clear_page_64.S
index 88acd349911bec600bf30646ec6077423c279759..75a5a4515fa75b2414cf7ee4324e2ad000231171 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/clear_page_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/clear_page_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <asm/export.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/cpu.c b/arch/x86/lib/cpu.c
index 2dd1fe13a37b36aacfeca12733178f62a89ba309..04967cdce5d12c97441c030405a90a7f2e79e1fa 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/cpu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/cpu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S b/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S
index 9d05572370edc40f234f2813f5fc1c82020ad94f..92748660ba51234f31a651d9181f50605418f0c9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /* Copyright 2002 Andi Kleen */
 
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c
index 9952a01cad24969c8481f15e70eac338058e9ad4..e0e006f1624e2cb71e73cbbda1433e45dda2169d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* 
  * User address space access functions.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/extable.c b/arch/x86/mm/extable.c
index b0a2de8d2f9efb02a2b68c191d10b581b762283b..4d75bc656f971e3bade83042aba0bfddc6825b96 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/extable.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/extable.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/extable.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/highmem_32.c b/arch/x86/mm/highmem_32.c
index 0d4bdcb84da5ab3519ab27402d907adda1abe3bc..0a1898b8552e23c6f6e1a2fd2bb8b44cd294749a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/highmem_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/highmem_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/highmem.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/swap.h> /* for totalram_pages */
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c b/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
index 075e568098f25d86910033b994cb9710b5f1a56f..f265a431617956010ebf566e5228199b67fd0a5b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
index 62fc457f3849af0bf867fa202149f4fa556cd6dc..693aaf28d5fe772401d33b2a9b170bf33bd58477 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c b/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c
index dd73d5d74393f7c987e9c4c18fde1f698d9213ae..4b6423e7bd21ec4ad9bd5321cf809c56d8cf735e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Re-map IO memory to kernel address space so that we can access it.
  * This is needed for high PCI addresses that aren't mapped in the
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/numa.c b/arch/x86/mm/numa.c
index dfb6c4df639ab14f647a3efa4b25c2b8449aa0d7..e6dad600614c2af268fc5e4df6c19468ee798877 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/numa.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/numa.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Common code for 32 and 64-bit NUMA */
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
index daf4d645e5370e5b9f6655ac9c751898d2c59db9..6a9a77a403c928e642a754f68c168ebfa6f7b3c1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
  * Thanks to Ben LaHaise for precious feedback.
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pat.c b/arch/x86/mm/pat.c
index 4fe956a63b25b54fe479aadfeb51dfdf66ef74d2..d9fbd4f699202538e45f29f1f33f9deebeedfcb6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/pat.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/pat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Handle caching attributes in page tables (PAT)
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c b/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
index 7f61431c75fb7bbbf5189525d1c242ce25ba57f9..91f6db92554c1763f06e9c7673e8da3f7294a4b6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/init.h>
 
 #include <linux/mm.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/pci/common.c b/arch/x86/pci/common.c
index d4ec117c1142e0f155be3f3a17f4f675d64f4135..9acab6ac28f5d386283046d29cf5735f836682f0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/pci/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/pci/common.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Low-Level PCI Support for PC
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/pci/legacy.c b/arch/x86/pci/legacy.c
index dfbe6ac38830543be4979c9ff0b7dc6eb99346ec..467311b1eeead0e9e45e8d86d9cefaeec85e5539 100644
--- a/arch/x86/pci/legacy.c
+++ b/arch/x86/pci/legacy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * legacy.c - traditional, old school PCI bus probing
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/pci/xen.c b/arch/x86/pci/xen.c
index 9112d1cb397bb56faa637216f1e39815c50edd9d..91220cc258547e56b3b1c10c92e6695c64df9a8b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/pci/xen.c
+++ b/arch/x86/pci/xen.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Xen PCI - handle PCI (INTx) and MSI infrastructure calls for PV, HVM and
  * initial domain support. We also handle the DSDT _PRT callbacks for GSI's
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c
index a25a9fd987a9e5dc2ba75d7b3c91c098ad7d7034..feb77777c8b817bc2a157230d417d559a2881083 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "efi: " fmt
 
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/intel-quark/imr.c b/arch/x86/platform/intel-quark/imr.c
index 49828c2707ac184f85c14b38138ebc1794b08184..b5420371d32d0714c3447f6ff376b50f7a1a0ac0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/intel-quark/imr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/intel-quark/imr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /**
  * imr.c -- Intel Isolated Memory Region driver
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/olpc/olpc_ofw.c b/arch/x86/platform/olpc/olpc_ofw.c
index f1aab8cdb33f7997ee83423e11a22ecb8943aadd..20a0645684638ae73f7b36bfc04756e22e84a2e3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/olpc/olpc_ofw.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/olpc/olpc_ofw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock_types.h>
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/debugfs.c b/drivers/acpi/debugfs.c
index 68bb305b977f9ce481be8d3e95f90ca67922421b..d5ecea3715f860afcddebc3697f8a008db756af0 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/debugfs.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/debugfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * debugfs.c - ACPI debugfs interface to userspace.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/processor_core.c b/drivers/acpi/processor_core.c
index 8c0a54d50d0e9b90eb7b7bf4d7e0ed2e9f97ee9b..f32beb7d78827331117f50f324a957f0075fc053 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/processor_core.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/processor_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2005 Intel Corporation
  * Copyright (C) 2009 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/scan.c b/drivers/acpi/scan.c
index 566270d0e91ade426e150b59a2c446d976159561..0e28270b0fd81046b2b2a434b0dd65edb4b282a6 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/scan.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/scan.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * scan.c - support for transforming the ACPI namespace into individual objects
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ata/libata-acpi.c b/drivers/ata/libata-acpi.c
index 97a14fe47de1b357f34081379f96454a3b6e49dc..224e3486e9a5d67fb8d74c7cac474031a7a414bc 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/libata-acpi.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/libata-acpi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * libata-acpi.c
  * Provides ACPI support for PATA/SATA.
diff --git a/drivers/edac/debugfs.c b/drivers/edac/debugfs.c
index 0a9277228c505c152cbc2f3add2b3a119ea58e6b..6b8e484db851235616416f8eb79f70ba6079587f 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/debugfs.c
+++ b/drivers/edac/debugfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include "edac_module.h"
 
 static struct dentry *edac_debugfs;
diff --git a/drivers/edac/wq.c b/drivers/edac/wq.c
index 2a9a11ae246156c7ccef414e5a50ea2b33867325..d021d287eaec60cc935370ab07ba5ab02c577e94 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/wq.c
+++ b/drivers/edac/wq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include "edac_module.h"
 
 static struct workqueue_struct *wq;
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c b/drivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
index fae2d5c433145363f9a75d953ae6f87a78fdf729..35ed56b9c34f141a3cdd33c42853bdfc35f13931 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_of.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_of.c
index f2f71d71494a276411ff4d29e4884bbd8b558a99..6becf63f91664bd816aab00a294b237be0cf9609 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_of.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_of.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/component.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/pl111/pl111_versatile.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/pl111/pl111_versatile.c
index 1c318ad32a8cd39c48b354312277ea924d20f94f..38f4ee05285e92d37d185d02bccc984b11faee1c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/pl111/pl111_versatile.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/pl111/pl111_versatile.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/amba/clcd-regs.h>
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-atapi.c b/drivers/ide/ide-atapi.c
index 33a28cde126c9013b7ab38e38d21232f47571f87..80bc3bf82f4d7266bfe37bff2c0f88b9ecd2a302 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-atapi.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-atapi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ATAPI support.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-dma-sff.c b/drivers/ide/ide-dma-sff.c
index 289d16c87b8ffb41bc4935ff188a2a85e0bd7044..b7c2c0bd18b53dd968603a6b255a8c9261e1c2d9 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-dma-sff.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-dma-sff.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-eh.c b/drivers/ide/ide-eh.c
index e1323e05845436ca23c3add5f7308248a9d48600..2f378213e9b5f60be848b9db2ca8acc76c0cdbed 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-eh.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-eh.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-io-std.c b/drivers/ide/ide-io-std.c
index 19763977568c5d6fd7ecc87c3f4e7bc47fc0d85e..18c20a7aa0ceb95843b2a8d1e992c426197fd96e 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-io-std.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-io-std.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-ioctls.c b/drivers/ide/ide-ioctls.c
index af5119a73689bf4875a8bc1d68108bbabf5d541d..d48c17003874540a161be616c0552cd730929b69 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-ioctls.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-ioctls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IDE ioctls handling.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-iops.c b/drivers/ide/ide-iops.c
index d55e9ebd56282c4d90212c87b47181720d6d2b48..d1445d74e9c3329e0a4ea85ff14f44a644a9d466 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-iops.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-iops.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2000-2002	Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>
  *  Copyright (C) 2003		Red Hat
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-legacy.c b/drivers/ide/ide-legacy.c
index 30fe3630734fce9ab06edfe7881fe82d86374428..be65b411ab53bd534b91532161448551aa79ad13 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-legacy.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-legacy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/ide.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-lib.c b/drivers/ide/ide-lib.c
index 78cb79eddc8b9f2bb9e491c977b9ae95bae7b992..7b9f655adbc2d184e1c07ded0f41def2326b4951 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-lib.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-probe.c b/drivers/ide/ide-probe.c
index 4ad82498458143b47b72ce8df4019b796d69a30a..e867129466b058c4095aacb813f7c3fee6b3a7dd 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-probe.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-probe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994-1998   Linus Torvalds & authors (see below)
  *  Copyright (C) 2005, 2007  Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-proc.c b/drivers/ide/ide-proc.c
index a5dc13576394ffa8d7be2c2ae9298211ea216f47..0363d73b0be04b4f2a5186fc3c5da26ed9be30c3 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-proc.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1997-1998	Mark Lord
  *  Copyright (C) 2003		Red Hat
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-taskfile.c b/drivers/ide/ide-taskfile.c
index 17b2e379e87210f7a0d1ee0c0e292dfbf2058693..aab6a10435b65203e8550d556f6401f681ae07fd 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-taskfile.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-taskfile.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2000-2002	   Michael Cornwell <cornwell@acm.org>
  *  Copyright (C) 2000-2002	   Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-xfer-mode.c b/drivers/ide/ide-xfer-mode.c
index eb421883c16d0524d6e80de7d49700723183f574..0b9709b489b78ef6737a83d26a46efa2dbf402ff 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-xfer-mode.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-xfer-mode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iommu/irq_remapping.c b/drivers/iommu/irq_remapping.c
index 81cf2908c5314aae0985d70f8f2b26da53a9e03f..83f36f61416e5d3b11e099ba51eded8bf4c964bd 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/irq_remapping.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/irq_remapping.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/drivers/mcb/mcb-parse.c b/drivers/mcb/mcb-parse.c
index 7369bda3442fbc10197a00b35553cbac3c365adf..3b69e6aa3d88ad33127a04851402656e2e425506 100644
--- a/drivers/mcb/mcb-parse.c
+++ b/drivers/mcb/mcb-parse.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/ioport.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/drivers/md/md-bitmap.c b/drivers/md/md-bitmap.c
index 3a62a46b75c7278a68ecc11995be51a2e20f8a36..c01d41198f5e614bccd7947a896143457f846a4d 100644
--- a/drivers/md/md-bitmap.c
+++ b/drivers/md/md-bitmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * bitmap.c two-level bitmap (C) Peter T. Breuer (ptb@ot.uc3m.es) 2003
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_hlp.c b/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_hlp.c
index 6ebcbc6450f57c1112efde87b958e220579748a5..6c9946a402eefec8d2941119fd127a9b8768388f 100644
--- a/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_hlp.c
+++ b/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_hlp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-compat-ioctl32.c b/drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-compat-ioctl32.c
index 73dac1d8d4f648a9c5e27320dc67abe85245c96c..e1eaf1135c7f88d3a09a7b7d26dd027b50e4cbc5 100644
--- a/drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-compat-ioctl32.c
+++ b/drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-compat-ioctl32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ioctl32.c: Conversion between 32bit and 64bit native ioctls.
  *	Separated from fs stuff by Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
diff --git a/drivers/misc/atmel_tclib.c b/drivers/misc/atmel_tclib.c
index 2c6850ef0e9c8a244cebe66772494e1cc496e31d..08b5b639d77f69657f5e563b518f2dbfee311214 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/atmel_tclib.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/atmel_tclib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/clk.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/drivers/mmc/host/sdhci-pci-data.c b/drivers/mmc/host/sdhci-pci-data.c
index a611217769f5080fd664ef82bc98c273046bcf2f..18638fb363d873f933786da03c4f8b3e4d38ac61 100644
--- a/drivers/mmc/host/sdhci-pci-data.c
+++ b/drivers/mmc/host/sdhci-pci-data.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/mmc/sdhci-pci-data.h>
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/phy/phy-c45.c b/drivers/net/phy/phy-c45.c
index abe13dfe50ad34e136f38a7394f3a1ef4b9edcbf..b9d4145781caa092625adb94214549a02b66fd50 100644
--- a/drivers/net/phy/phy-c45.c
+++ b/drivers/net/phy/phy-c45.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Clause 45 PHY support
  */
diff --git a/drivers/net/phy/sfp-bus.c b/drivers/net/phy/sfp-bus.c
index fef701bfad62e67e3349d8f1cca24b440af1aceb..e9c187946cca6339a8f50943a308d4f6e6acab01 100644
--- a/drivers/net/phy/sfp-bus.c
+++ b/drivers/net/phy/sfp-bus.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/kref.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/cmd.c b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/cmd.c
index c1f42291873783cb8968a6075c158f348bd97b04..a4d9dd73b258866a09ed8fef67be9722e06c1c95 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/cmd.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/cmd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file contains the handling of command.
  * It prepares command and sends it to firmware when it is ready.
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/firmware.c b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/firmware.c
index 51b92b5df11956adfedadb5137f8f6b61342b0c4..69029c59a272644d9287641a6ca2aca0ad0340d1 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/firmware.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/firmware.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Firmware loading and handling functions.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/rx.c b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/rx.c
index 7586ff681b23a6c106679f1893bea04e0a867196..58a1fc433b73f6c3e4c6171e8fc3d5c895447858 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/rx.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/rx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file contains the handling of RX in wlan driver.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/tx.c b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/tx.c
index 723ba5fd0bfe2be2c7635fbe19c08a8359571330..aeb481740df67f9e7a9b4a479399686e0407b3cd 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/tx.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/tx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file contains the handling of TX in wlan driver.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/perf/arm_pmu.c b/drivers/perf/arm_pmu.c
index eec75b97e7eae0f5d4ac3443ac8485ae9ab44e3b..2d06b8095a19cf92f9d5dcd2dc93375c5d27ea2a 100644
--- a/drivers/perf/arm_pmu.c
+++ b/drivers/perf/arm_pmu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #undef DEBUG
 
 /*
diff --git a/drivers/ras/debugfs.c b/drivers/ras/debugfs.c
index 501603057dffead22f4f795159afc3e41eb09921..9c1b717efad861d332460d32663d82bae3894d3a 100644
--- a/drivers/ras/debugfs.c
+++ b/drivers/ras/debugfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 
 struct dentry *ras_debugfs_dir;
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-mc146818-lib.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-mc146818-lib.c
index 18a6f15e313d8b33ae6ae2905ea6b364e9ede701..2ecd8752b088b6cfe1bdb97fd57511d72778c562 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-mc146818-lib.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-mc146818-lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/bcd.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/hosts.c b/drivers/scsi/hosts.c
index eaf329db39731ce1a61cf98ba6e497dfb77026a0..ff0d8c6a8d0c3471f31ec6a7941ec0563ce94cbb 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/hosts.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/hosts.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  hosts.c Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt
  *          Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995 Eric Youngdale
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_task.c b/drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_task.c
index c3b9befad4e6dd8633c434d86770504a37f680e0..1ded7d85027ec59c300ba2e25de73ee5692e48dd 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_task.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include "sas_internal.h"
 
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c
index 8e9680572b9f347f418a12179c16fb8d13d02b77..bfa569facd5b92f79688930d02f33a0e7cebd583 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  scsi_error.c Copyright (C) 1997 Eric Youngdale
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi_ioctl.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi_ioctl.c
index 840d96fe81bc15fb67efd9bc90335b6e16aa524c..57bcd05605bfbdc2d3e7800c6dcfcb68006cd059 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi_ioctl.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi_ioctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Changes:
  * Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@conectiva.com.br> 08/23/2000
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c
index 0916bd6d22b06ea279bd1b9f52f2adc9af986ed3..65d0a10c76ad1a71c1476fc1103dea5b73f64bc0 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1999 Eric Youngdale
  * Copyright (C) 2014 Christoph Hellwig
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi_pm.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi_pm.c
index 7639df91b1108495d9af0ba9b8133d51450e759d..48ee68059fe60831c94d0786ccab714c628f1660 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi_pm.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi_pm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	scsi_pm.c	Copyright (C) 2010 Alan Stern
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c
index 3b119ca0cc0ce9ba2cfcc95cf78307a96b1d264b..dbb206c90ecf3c22e68ea8746ecb845ba78a29b1 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * scsi_sysfs.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/console/dummycon.c b/drivers/video/console/dummycon.c
index 45ad925ad5f8fbb203a137c0ab114f4fb71d62f2..ff886e99104b8aa07e2ee8cbeac077ff6f9375e1 100644
--- a/drivers/video/console/dummycon.c
+++ b/drivers/video/console/dummycon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/drivers/video/dummycon.c -- A dummy console driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/via/via-core.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/via/via-core.c
index b041eb27a9bff7aac488968306c83102b6c4edfd..e2b2062673daac0be6e87c44bcee52354f2642da 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/via/via-core.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/via/via-core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright 1998-2009 VIA Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
  * Copyright 2001-2008 S3 Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
diff --git a/drivers/video/logo/logo.c b/drivers/video/logo/logo.c
index 36aa050f9a214addb3ab80347e8b855e68e91673..141f15a9a45906c7382b000690225428c73a050c 100644
--- a/drivers/video/logo/logo.c
+++ b/drivers/video/logo/logo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 /*
  *  Linux logo to be displayed on boot
diff --git a/drivers/xen/dbgp.c b/drivers/xen/dbgp.c
index 8145a59fd9f62b3da7c684a5c4356ac901b535d6..cfb5de31d86061b1df4ec382fa62ce93e60b77f5 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/dbgp.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/dbgp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/pci.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/usb/ehci_def.h>
diff --git a/drivers/xen/efi.c b/drivers/xen/efi.c
index 9243a9051078229172daea01e0d621ac089ac050..89d60f8e3c180835fb7e7e9091210bfbf7db7b34 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/efi.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/efi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * EFI support for Xen.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c b/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c
index 084e45882c7374fc3c3b88c191e5b2e520df31e9..ff9b51055b1415700afd469eca6ce33dfd365600 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Xen event channels
  *
diff --git a/drivers/xen/features.c b/drivers/xen/features.c
index d7d34fdfc9938d490fa1345bb5efc1b535f4d204..25c053b096051c2d4e3196f369e3f9e8dcd9675b 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/features.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/features.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /******************************************************************************
  * features.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/xen/manage.c b/drivers/xen/manage.c
index 5bb01a62f214da835ca2e941c3c928b50cf733a0..cd046684e0d1bb7e6e3e7330e402ec65bbf2f5d5 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/manage.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/manage.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Handle extern requests for shutdown, reboot and sysrq
  */
diff --git a/fs/anon_inodes.c b/fs/anon_inodes.c
index 91262c34b797c3932680640b3643fe360a643b97..c2b8663f5b00e5f3f14e949a7e518b072fd6bd44 100644
--- a/fs/anon_inodes.c
+++ b/fs/anon_inodes.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  fs/anon_inodes.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/block_dev.c b/fs/block_dev.c
index 0f7552a87d5447c118d1873f8249eeaa73321457..e6886c93c89dafbc17fd2d22c25035dddc178e13 100644
--- a/fs/block_dev.c
+++ b/fs/block_dev.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/block_dev.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/buffer.c b/fs/buffer.c
index 0faa41fb4c884ec8f5645697a906667a4222583d..e450c55f643424efcc4e992d9012378fcd602421 100644
--- a/fs/buffer.c
+++ b/fs/buffer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/buffer.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/crypto/hooks.c b/fs/crypto/hooks.c
index 2dc22549d724d50299a458fbc1becb0247f5acce..bd525f7573a49ce4f238848596627095adf14cbf 100644
--- a/fs/crypto/hooks.c
+++ b/fs/crypto/hooks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * fs/crypto/hooks.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/dcache.c b/fs/dcache.c
index 8136bda27a1f8c0cf4b4ca16c2b2c70602ea59c1..c435398f2c8196d2fc8c26750edc50f0c13ec6ed 100644
--- a/fs/dcache.c
+++ b/fs/dcache.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * fs/dcache.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/dcookies.c b/fs/dcookies.c
index 57bc96435febe17d2d889512435da540cd764f55..6eeb61100a095886e311685a5ba67a4d0b5d5fdc 100644
--- a/fs/dcookies.c
+++ b/fs/dcookies.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * dcookies.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/direct-io.c b/fs/direct-io.c
index fbe885d68035e6b1a2410cab66f098915c1ee9c4..ac7fb19b6ade5dd630cf17e8a539cbbcf66cb229 100644
--- a/fs/direct-io.c
+++ b/fs/direct-io.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * fs/direct-io.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/eventfd.c b/fs/eventfd.c
index 93b1fa7bb2984a88be622f97a7c462b25c8871c0..8aa0ea8c55e873544aab2bc5940475c84608c086 100644
--- a/fs/eventfd.c
+++ b/fs/eventfd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  fs/eventfd.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c
index d88584ebf07f310a89ceef07e3ead8351e6931fd..89a500bb897a6f80a0d833ade80bf3f6f18b2c01 100644
--- a/fs/exec.c
+++ b/fs/exec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/exec.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fat/dir.c b/fs/fat/dir.c
index 9d01db37183f2616feec648fd63c9ab292a45b8f..1bda2ab6745ba13860d8ec89740d8d31c330010e 100644
--- a/fs/fat/dir.c
+++ b/fs/fat/dir.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/fat/dir.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fat/file.c b/fs/fat/file.c
index 0e3ed79fcc3f1bd69bcb214de76e1fa0864f14fc..4614c0ba5f1c49d9b02a442c7e32e5b594fea620 100644
--- a/fs/fat/file.c
+++ b/fs/fat/file.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/fat/file.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fat/misc.c b/fs/fat/misc.c
index 4fc950bb64335c6be4881223afef072794d043e5..1e08bd54c5fbe599ba039ad668ff4cdc392b63b7 100644
--- a/fs/fat/misc.c
+++ b/fs/fat/misc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/fat/misc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/file_table.c b/fs/file_table.c
index 3f9c1b452c1d9e8b732730315fe8a3d3232336f3..b07b53f24ff5d8abde224be8847c3f2423d2babd 100644
--- a/fs/file_table.c
+++ b/fs/file_table.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/file_table.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c
index b16645b417d931f8dc3a66ce82a20964c575aacb..e41cbe8e81b9b439863fe8404d91943b908c2a01 100644
--- a/fs/fs-writeback.c
+++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * fs/fs-writeback.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fs_struct.c b/fs/fs_struct.c
index be0250788b737c7633ae155b608502daf3b7c4da..ca639ed967b7a66c489b2e14e675df2e0cbca247 100644
--- a/fs/fs_struct.c
+++ b/fs/fs_struct.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index e9d18b2c3f91f8de9ec1f17618360ad13efbba07..df6542ec3b88be2b3000ac21262f7d5823303e09 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * (C) 1997 Linus Torvalds
  * (C) 1999 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> (dynamic inode allocation)
diff --git a/fs/libfs.c b/fs/libfs.c
index 4b59b1816efbaf31fb6e4cd831363e06c7b6bb3b..7e52e77692ec5114f3669e20733952310c3e6533 100644
--- a/fs/libfs.c
+++ b/fs/libfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	fs/libfs.c
  *	Library for filesystems writers.
diff --git a/fs/lockd/clntlock.c b/fs/lockd/clntlock.c
index 5fb4f8910aab942201218471c060a0d5d29fff29..a5bb3f721a9d4babd4b6aa6236f7e2ca05815605 100644
--- a/fs/lockd/clntlock.c
+++ b/fs/lockd/clntlock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/lockd/clntlock.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/lockd/clntproc.c b/fs/lockd/clntproc.c
index d9c32d1a20c0bbeeecd65ecd5b0838b7641dd4c2..62f98225abb3f6118a4cd3e71751192d4070640c 100644
--- a/fs/lockd/clntproc.c
+++ b/fs/lockd/clntproc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/lockd/clntproc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/lockd/svcsubs.c b/fs/lockd/svcsubs.c
index 899360ba3b8486857db0654ee329eb6ba05563fb..0e610f422406aaf88ad23bd423af04b27cd1382a 100644
--- a/fs/lockd/svcsubs.c
+++ b/fs/lockd/svcsubs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/lockd/svcsubs.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/locks.c b/fs/locks.c
index 8af49f89ac2f0d3974972a57ff8d1164459e697c..ec1e4a5df62903b1effc8585c95abc4a2aa7dc3d 100644
--- a/fs/locks.c
+++ b/fs/locks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/locks.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/delegation.c b/fs/nfs/delegation.c
index 8b78274e3e56fb0e8973e1a5121348d8dbd632a2..0ff3facf81dac61fe99c6eff078e0a23b000d2e4 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/delegation.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/delegation.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/delegation.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/dir.c b/fs/nfs/dir.c
index 47d445bec8c919139cc070cf9427b033e5b25b94..57b6a45576adf028ee056c8c7bcf54707446e968 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/dir.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/dir.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/dir.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/direct.c b/fs/nfs/direct.c
index 2436bd92bc005a9799ea9e88814986e28dd6c0ec..0cb44240616889f62616f7804be7dd909c3b9de1 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/direct.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/direct.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/direct.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/file.c b/fs/nfs/file.c
index 144e183250c3e100a1f6d930b16c6b5268117939..95dc90570786cce9509f5b09b885f7f6f21a8894 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/file.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/file.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/file.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/namespace.c b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
index 15f099a24c29b8fb06c073085e250e0526ed570a..9287eb666322c7d1030a8659fe8ea1a124933673 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/namespace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/namespace.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs3client.c b/fs/nfs/nfs3client.c
index 1afdb0f7473fa0d35740f4a7b1c7480169fd5a21..fb0c425b5d455749154857137bc228330f7308c8 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs3client.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs3client.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/nfs_fs.h>
 #include <linux/nfs_mount.h>
 #include <linux/sunrpc/addr.h>
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4client.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4client.c
index 3ce246346f022a0a26da423fec916b237abd0c29..81b9b6d7927ac22c7b500c85c2f4a6cb7a4a61b6 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4client.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4client.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
  * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4session.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4session.c
index bcb532def9e2bead7d82de63ea64915d9ab0fff4..4145a013890704f67b6cd3a1544ff0bad5593dc8 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4session.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4session.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * fs/nfs/nfs4session.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/pagelist.c b/fs/nfs/pagelist.c
index 6ec30014a43988050809ae024f6474e6659d16b0..6ef5278326b673b7044f9593774603ffa5d01067 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/pagelist.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/pagelist.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/pagelist.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/pnfs_nfs.c b/fs/nfs/pnfs_nfs.c
index f5ad75fafc3c0e77c63a46fc7a1b7715a5489ae9..c0046c3489103c3ed9e4e8760d6db67b8bc1bca8 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/pnfs_nfs.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/pnfs_nfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common NFS I/O  operations for the pnfs file based
  * layout drivers.
diff --git a/fs/nfs/read.c b/fs/nfs/read.c
index c799e540ed1e1bd211d89d4dbd6f3e3e0c0c578c..c19841c82b6a3213203d1e964e5fcd85e8c96e1a 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/read.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/read.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/read.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/super.c b/fs/nfs/super.c
index d6c687419a818d61ee49420ccc248803ee14d0a8..f88ddac2dcdf3454d4df613f7fd675c8ca57fc37 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/super.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/write.c b/fs/nfs/write.c
index bc5bb932341290c217ad8c212e38c97640db35d9..059a7c38bc4fcac4d2e623557d9c1fdd0e2b9b8d 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/write.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/write.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/nfs/write.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/open.c b/fs/open.c
index 9c7d724a6f6775d35ded4565d915d6fd5e945ea7..b5b80469b93d05ce034cd85cf95da35dc37e13c2 100644
--- a/fs/open.c
+++ b/fs/open.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/open.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/posix_acl.c b/fs/posix_acl.c
index 2fd0fde16fe17f56bec417090dcd6e10ce162259..84ad1c90d535db8fa333ca77b1c1073f5914e4a1 100644
--- a/fs/posix_acl.c
+++ b/fs/posix_acl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 by Andreas Gruenbacher <a.gruenbacher@computer.org>
  *
diff --git a/fs/proc/generic.c b/fs/proc/generic.c
index e39bac94dead0965733eb779758edfae31aacb81..64e9ee1b129e22edac670fd22b8107d956e867d0 100644
--- a/fs/proc/generic.c
+++ b/fs/proc/generic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * proc/fs/generic.c --- generic routines for the proc-fs
  *
diff --git a/fs/proc/proc_net.c b/fs/proc/proc_net.c
index a7b12435519e048e90abf6bd3250ce8e22da40d0..76ae278df1c47c0fe205e9820f2929d6aa5e62cf 100644
--- a/fs/proc/proc_net.c
+++ b/fs/proc/proc_net.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/proc/net.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/proc/vmcore.c b/fs/proc/vmcore.c
index 3fe90443c1bb8b8ad04dbcad10a08862448fd527..7bb96fdd38ad3e466e95454a04540af480610c82 100644
--- a/fs/proc/vmcore.c
+++ b/fs/proc/vmcore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	fs/proc/vmcore.c Interface for accessing the crash
  * 				 dump from the system's previous life.
diff --git a/fs/splice.c b/fs/splice.c
index 25212dcca2dfd6b43dc51cd8887f93038c753515..14cb602d9a2f54109aeb8acec7b759c6930f9b1b 100644
--- a/fs/splice.c
+++ b/fs/splice.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * "splice": joining two ropes together by interweaving their strands.
  *
diff --git a/fs/stack.c b/fs/stack.c
index 664ed35558bd0081379ceba52063bdbe72c3cd2d..4ef2c056269d54c58b18da04235ffffa4a459b1f 100644
--- a/fs/stack.c
+++ b/fs/stack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/fs_stack.h>
diff --git a/fs/xattr.c b/fs/xattr.c
index 0d6a6a4af8616dcdc484a6f0a417167460adfa64..90dd78f0eb279d4729d7f36e0bab3d2816bd002c 100644
--- a/fs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/xattr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
   File: fs/xattr.c
 
diff --git a/include/linux/percpu-defs.h b/include/linux/percpu-defs.h
index 1ce8e264a2699876a468eeef460c8ac079d45788..a6fabd865211f0f00b4c7431d6eced41fdde1fda 100644
--- a/include/linux/percpu-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/percpu-defs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * linux/percpu-defs.h - basic definitions for percpu areas
  *
diff --git a/init/do_mounts.c b/init/do_mounts.c
index f8c230c77035c75d5356b0b944c7388d33c73a16..2d1ea3028454313ac6a6a3b02c7b89b82b97ae11 100644
--- a/init/do_mounts.c
+++ b/init/do_mounts.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
index 5a2c69b4d7b3ac040f45eb0b2922bfcd7d2ab832..66a196c5e4c3c0ea10d31ccb0f105e13ba4f3850 100644
--- a/init/main.c
+++ b/init/main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/init/main.c
  *
diff --git a/init/version.c b/init/version.c
index ef4012ec43751122eea2e55e86f9b5ec8faad3c9..cba341161b5801967ae97ade76b6c9a5522961ac 100644
--- a/init/version.c
+++ b/init/version.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/init/version.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/tnum.c b/kernel/bpf/tnum.c
index 938d41211be70cde6e18446ec956907f07309d39..ca52b9642943ffe6c4567539df95e810437f35e1 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/tnum.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/tnum.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* tnum: tracked (or tristate) numbers
  *
  * A tnum tracks knowledge about the bits of a value.  Each bit can be either
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c
index 68ca5de7ec2772b0f1d0ba62c4f4035c96dc922a..88006be40ea34368f7feb464de8b0448579e0a2e 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include "cgroup-internal.h"
 
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/rstat.c b/kernel/cgroup/rstat.c
index bb95a35e8c2d0785ec7ce2acfb2c64a74e5935a2..ca19b4c8acf53f4cd25f7a2c5f94df8f8e508503 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/rstat.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/rstat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include "cgroup-internal.h"
 
 #include <linux/sched/cputime.h>
diff --git a/kernel/context_tracking.c b/kernel/context_tracking.c
index 9ad37b9e44a7034d887fe1eda6650070490ee2d5..be01a4d627c9e9c1c3dd94c5c64544f9c8ff2074 100644
--- a/kernel/context_tracking.c
+++ b/kernel/context_tracking.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Context tracking: Probe on high level context boundaries such as kernel
  * and userspace. This includes syscalls and exceptions entry/exit.
diff --git a/kernel/crash_dump.c b/kernel/crash_dump.c
index b64e238b553b9430361127b223d2a003b70b1c99..9c23ae074b4011cf53ca0fb96c4638cee5e21a28 100644
--- a/kernel/crash_dump.c
+++ b/kernel/crash_dump.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c b/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c
index 6f7619c1f8774985dfb4b669b6c83ff2186fdeaa..13f0cb080a4dc960a1552ddb555155bb97c763f8 100644
--- a/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c
+++ b/kernel/dma/swiotlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Dynamic DMA mapping support.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c
index 8361a560cd1d10849469146d90894fb6c25064c4..1803efb2922ffaaa78ebf01e064c820cd8538b4e 100644
--- a/kernel/exit.c
+++ b/kernel/exit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/exit.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index b4cba953040a0f46ef6c9139099f1f9bef3b005e..b2b87d450b80b5e08899b1677848d466a643ead8 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/fork.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/freezer.c b/kernel/freezer.c
index b162b74611e475e611723aacb04c857f7638ab53..c0738424bb43331bc96c787da8f3ec3d678053d8 100644
--- a/kernel/freezer.c
+++ b/kernel/freezer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kernel/freezer.c - Function to freeze a process
  *
diff --git a/kernel/hung_task.c b/kernel/hung_task.c
index f108a95882c63ed5b6d09f6e3b23df017e4e5433..14a625c16cb33666fda8afe71b07fa4acc844f02 100644
--- a/kernel/hung_task.c
+++ b/kernel/hung_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Detect Hung Task
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq_work.c b/kernel/irq_work.c
index 73288914ed5e78cc44b596ab5428ac98aceb73b3..d42acaf818861a8ee8e7d733139840d267be6ee0 100644
--- a/kernel/irq_work.c
+++ b/kernel/irq_work.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra
  *
diff --git a/kernel/jump_label.c b/kernel/jump_label.c
index de6efdecc70d0b6e7d49023f009533e90fc785ef..0bfa10f4410c5d80049b94126ed97dab1b19010a 100644
--- a/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * jump label support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/kallsyms.c b/kernel/kallsyms.c
index 14934afa9e68bf9dd8ae2a497da412f25c253d55..95a260f9214b97e274ce4fdfe3ca1446b441ebbc 100644
--- a/kernel/kallsyms.c
+++ b/kernel/kallsyms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kallsyms.c: in-kernel printing of symbolic oopses and stack traces.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/kthread.c b/kernel/kthread.c
index be4e8795561a6afe550ebae2ddcf67af95f8416a..621467c33fefda0e580572cbfa865d7472872f75 100644
--- a/kernel/kthread.c
+++ b/kernel/kthread.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Kernel thread helper functions.
  *   Copyright (C) 2004 IBM Corporation, Rusty Russell.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
index d06190fa5082239e00cd1be55762cf8232260652..c47788fa85f9491069ca607613d808ed0049523c 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kernel/lockdep.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mutex.c b/kernel/locking/mutex.c
index db578783dd36a3efc87b2bd052ba1353438850ed..0c601ae072b3fb0b787344edf44df40054187961 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mutex.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/mutex.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kernel/locking/mutex.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/percpu-rwsem.c b/kernel/locking/percpu-rwsem.c
index f17dad99eec8b76ca3e1b83963308ac6a4c10a7d..b6a9cc62099a95cdb69df7eb3863d9bfab2db817 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/percpu-rwsem.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/percpu-rwsem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex.c b/kernel/locking/rtmutex.c
index 978d63a8261c265e76eddcc1f933cd714e1b6e66..38fbf9fa7f1be649b71aaa4a53091d777849bb38 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: simple blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/notifier.c b/kernel/notifier.c
index bfc95b3e42355d41edc036e46e661ee1db0f2708..d9f5081d578d75a9bf562b970d23f8fa8c878599 100644
--- a/kernel/notifier.c
+++ b/kernel/notifier.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/kernel/panic.c b/kernel/panic.c
index b4543a31a49585540d352b3a1d2f98ebca716583..4d9f55bf7d38c96d7bdd0ecf3e8f7e60d5c3cf41 100644
--- a/kernel/panic.c
+++ b/kernel/panic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/panic.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/pid.c b/kernel/pid.c
index 89548d35eefb747bb446a297fac633598db73a4b..e5cad0c7d5ddea08c054419b1f1525bada065bbf 100644
--- a/kernel/pid.c
+++ b/kernel/pid.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic pidhash and scalable, time-bounded PID allocator
  *
diff --git a/kernel/pid_namespace.c b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
index aa6e72fb7c089e857b3ede952e0e0b9ad0092421..f54bc7cb6c2dc4bae05fc54586335f7574c9466d 100644
--- a/kernel/pid_namespace.c
+++ b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Pid namespaces
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/qos.c b/kernel/power/qos.c
index 9d22131afc1e95c06a1a9d2d69f92875d232ba97..33e3febaba53f9636405e21a0eeea48411f2de7b 100644
--- a/kernel/power/qos.c
+++ b/kernel/power/qos.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This module exposes the interface to kernel space for specifying
  * QoS dependencies.  It provides infrastructure for registration of:
diff --git a/kernel/printk/printk.c b/kernel/printk/printk.c
index a6e06fe38e41e0e37d51a1a929124910919c9804..1888f6a3b694cb88199500e127b8081df0b6dab4 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/printk.c
+++ b/kernel/printk/printk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/printk.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/profile.c b/kernel/profile.c
index 9c08a2c7cb1d3567d2162128c51d52db00f9eaa5..af7c94bf5fa1dbc7305fcbd57c6f6aea3a0fd33b 100644
--- a/kernel/profile.c
+++ b/kernel/profile.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/profile.c
  *  Simple profiling. Manages a direct-mapped profile hit count buffer,
diff --git a/kernel/ptrace.c b/kernel/ptrace.c
index 6f357f4fc85900db94f5a9dc45b098849e0e158d..5710d07e67cf7f0f94342b0194939d479871b821 100644
--- a/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/kernel/ptrace.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/reboot.c b/kernel/reboot.c
index b9e79e8c722654e84cc90407f3dfc8322d4ffe23..c4d472b7f1b42f4194da4daed0ab7da64e4c7b91 100644
--- a/kernel/reboot.c
+++ b/kernel/reboot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/reboot.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/resource.c b/kernel/resource.c
index 8c15f846e8ef22790d7865cb7d36388d54aadd67..158f04ec1d4fad91702c7c38a972f3f1775fb727 100644
--- a/kernel/resource.c
+++ b/kernel/resource.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	linux/kernel/resource.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/clock.c b/kernel/sched/clock.c
index e3e3b979f9bd2645d6cc7416e7c6c25cb7d20b2e..1152259a4ca0cd79379eba2c0c23bb3b8003780d 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/clock.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/clock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * sched_clock() for unstable CPU clocks
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
index 102dfcf0a29a8539106c15c0150878c457953fbd..874c427742a918e0c91ba6471b76fa0580e3638c 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/core.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  kernel/sched/core.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cputime.c b/kernel/sched/cputime.c
index ba4a143bdcf313298e19dfab352d33d46b592a3e..2305ce89a26cfed3728f82b92d9ee73252f5ba1d 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cputime.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/cputime.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Simple CPU accounting cgroup controller
  */
diff --git a/kernel/sched/idle.c b/kernel/sched/idle.c
index f5516bae0c1b8534122f394e235dbcb44ba85472..80940939b73368262864c099dd01dec8caa75136 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/idle.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/idle.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic entry points for the idle threads and
  * implementation of the idle task scheduling class.
diff --git a/kernel/sched/isolation.c b/kernel/sched/isolation.c
index 687302051a270d6300acf70822d95c016e1b8a33..123ea07a3f3b048089dc1e3e1c6ad8f422ed50ab 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/isolation.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/isolation.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Housekeeping management. Manage the targets for routine code that can run on
  *  any CPU: unbound workqueues, timers, kthreads and any offloadable work.
diff --git a/kernel/sched/wait.c b/kernel/sched/wait.c
index 6eb1f8efd221c5fd9b590014e5e51cb0e479356a..fa0f9adfb7523f7ea83ad59d6f5f228f1779d95f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/wait.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/wait.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic waiting primitives.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/wait_bit.c b/kernel/sched/wait_bit.c
index c67c6d24adc2a1e38a86e48b20373354c2e1f317..45eba18a28984c0d7c36f29e54a900b531a3fbb7 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/wait_bit.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/wait_bit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * The implementation of the wait_bit*() and related waiting APIs:
  */
diff --git a/kernel/signal.c b/kernel/signal.c
index a1eb44dc9ff523d16401a00f9b65117b96bfee01..d7b9d14ac80dab05a4458320337e5eb9c4a00e59 100644
--- a/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/kernel/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/signal.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/smp.c b/kernel/smp.c
index f4cf1b0bb3b86efed73b1bb2aeabf932f87c515e..d155374632eba70533081b37fdf7ba0597c46af9 100644
--- a/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/kernel/smp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic helpers for smp ipi calls
  *
diff --git a/kernel/smpboot.c b/kernel/smpboot.c
index c230c2dd48e19753078d9bd9b7b9b463ff81c14f..2efe1e206167ccfbade03bf0b76b8e5cb657c207 100644
--- a/kernel/smpboot.c
+++ b/kernel/smpboot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common SMP CPU bringup/teardown functions
  */
diff --git a/kernel/stacktrace.c b/kernel/stacktrace.c
index 27bafc1e271ee7e444e889cc9bff4dc4d6f40d14..5667f1da3eded0ee81ea430179b73ee8a9c2b6ce 100644
--- a/kernel/stacktrace.c
+++ b/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kernel/stacktrace.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl.c b/kernel/sysctl.c
index 943c89178e3d3eb04accf784b38f18813d35abbc..7d1008be6173313c807b2abb23f3171ef05cddc8 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * sysctl.c: General linux system control interface
  *
diff --git a/kernel/umh.c b/kernel/umh.c
index d937cbad903aad4935bcc67331a27c1c73c57839..7f255b5a8845aef24b048dfabaf07462b04c9fca 100644
--- a/kernel/umh.c
+++ b/kernel/umh.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * umh - the kernel usermode helper
  */
diff --git a/kernel/up.c b/kernel/up.c
index ff536f9cc8a25ef561d72a4feb451fdea9bf9667..483c9962c99947d9e5f86e8cf1aba5019b965959 100644
--- a/kernel/up.c
+++ b/kernel/up.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Uniprocessor-only support functions.  The counterpart to kernel/smp.c
  */
diff --git a/kernel/user-return-notifier.c b/kernel/user-return-notifier.c
index 9586b670a5b27fef9d4e4f49d8e515059f02d6e4..870ecd7c63edb3e47f965c2f8d9a4d69c8202a17 100644
--- a/kernel/user-return-notifier.c
+++ b/kernel/user-return-notifier.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/user-return-notifier.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
diff --git a/kernel/user.c b/kernel/user.c
index 88b834f0eebc50cb2fedb0b6b5347620743e1d56..78b17e36e705c2b81f76637b327c7f5a79e194ad 100644
--- a/kernel/user.c
+++ b/kernel/user.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * The "user cache".
  *
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 9657315405de63ebfcfa43fbed8d432f5db30481..95aea04ff722fc2b17e45dec34c81eb3b7cc481b 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kernel/workqueue.c - generic async execution with shared worker pool
  *
diff --git a/lib/debug_locks.c b/lib/debug_locks.c
index ce51749cc145f22e1ffbd2f5d22867f33b1b25cb..a75ee30b77cb8dd70d792d36e17ec74b0385852f 100644
--- a/lib/debug_locks.c
+++ b/lib/debug_locks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * lib/debug_locks.c
  *
diff --git a/lib/fault-inject.c b/lib/fault-inject.c
index e26aa4f65eb9650111a847023f07d45091d442d3..3cb21b2bf088d58d909e9fe20c2ccad4396baddd 100644
--- a/lib/fault-inject.c
+++ b/lib/fault-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/random.h>
diff --git a/lib/idr.c b/lib/idr.c
index cb1db9b8d3f6db9c517d1959a09963a762713877..c34e256d2f01acec86e706e5d6cadca42e3a35ff 100644
--- a/lib/idr.c
+++ b/lib/idr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
 #include <linux/bug.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/lib/interval_tree.c b/lib/interval_tree.c
index c85f6600a5f8de355fb0ce531f027ef29d6aae5c..593ce56ece50500b63f9fa5cdb93f1fa09697f1a 100644
--- a/lib/interval_tree.c
+++ b/lib/interval_tree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/interval_tree.h>
 #include <linux/interval_tree_generic.h>
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
diff --git a/lib/iov_iter.c b/lib/iov_iter.c
index f74fa832f3aa99b8364dc5ba22e4af5eba64368c..f99c41d4eb545e395dd9b7256b92919ff9b3a5c3 100644
--- a/lib/iov_iter.c
+++ b/lib/iov_iter.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/bvec.h>
 #include <linux/uio.h>
diff --git a/lib/math/gcd.c b/lib/math/gcd.c
index 7948ab27f0a48332712f4e46ef2b93cbfc0e1a0e..e3b042214d1b7dddaa04b2b63898b037e21074d1 100644
--- a/lib/math/gcd.c
+++ b/lib/math/gcd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/gcd.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/lib/math/lcm.c b/lib/math/lcm.c
index 03d7fcb420b5d60c564ad10935011ed8a6556b69..6e0b2e7367007db3a7a1edaa148f2b08bedcc1c6 100644
--- a/lib/math/lcm.c
+++ b/lib/math/lcm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/gcd.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/lib/percpu-refcount.c b/lib/percpu-refcount.c
index da54318d3b5561a4855faca6ba472f1d5904d863..071a76c7bac079d421840ad4c708c5e66d02ea8c 100644
--- a/lib/percpu-refcount.c
+++ b/lib/percpu-refcount.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s: " fmt "\n", __func__
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/lib/sg_pool.c b/lib/sg_pool.c
index d1c1e6388eaa735b6e6ec0b60b1ee9130ef40e82..cff20df2695e20d95038440f899826396cbd6192 100644
--- a/lib/sg_pool.c
+++ b/lib/sg_pool.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
 #include <linux/mempool.h>
diff --git a/lib/string_helpers.c b/lib/string_helpers.c
index 29c490e5d47858ce18da95d63608a147f9b1ecd7..4403e1924f7307d190edd67f00e5e987a4d322b1 100644
--- a/lib/string_helpers.c
+++ b/lib/string_helpers.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Helpers for formatting and printing strings
  *
diff --git a/lib/vsprintf.c b/lib/vsprintf.c
index 2f003cfe340ec55d0a8e96309b02fd6326b1af1e..63937044c57d558534248205b5b4a148326a0b43 100644
--- a/lib/vsprintf.c
+++ b/lib/vsprintf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/lib/vsprintf.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/backing-dev.c b/mm/backing-dev.c
index 72e6d0c55cfad9b51b173cca10c34011b035879e..909dae445ea7138be46ae56020ede16a72c8000e 100644
--- a/mm/backing-dev.c
+++ b/mm/backing-dev.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/wait.h>
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
diff --git a/mm/balloon_compaction.c b/mm/balloon_compaction.c
index ef858d547e2d7b69676aff410a52c32edc7986f0..ba739b76e6c52e5584af1cdf46984a34fb6fcca1 100644
--- a/mm/balloon_compaction.c
+++ b/mm/balloon_compaction.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mm/balloon_compaction.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index c5af80c43d367305fc86ed7f4719e0e28a5ed146..df2006ba0cfa51813ed19dd2613705715f21d0b3 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	linux/mm/filemap.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/gup.c b/mm/gup.c
index 2c08248d4fa279bece3a748d22a30a250d5e8bbe..f173fcbaf1b2c9ab40dd65a6b2f3517aa7790ab5 100644
--- a/mm/gup.c
+++ b/mm/gup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index 81718c56b8f5d951cce489e17222bdae1fa2a852..ac843d32b0193924bd90dc96afc5aae6d35b4102 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic hugetlb support.
  * (C) Nadia Yvette Chambers, April 2004
diff --git a/mm/list_lru.c b/mm/list_lru.c
index 0730bf8ff39f639b19e0b36ed5498386ab9b6d7f..0bdf3152735eb4de2135ebd69c2c68a8b1a79a08 100644
--- a/mm/list_lru.c
+++ b/mm/list_lru.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Red Hat, Inc. and Parallels Inc. All rights reserved.
  * Authors: David Chinner and Glauber Costa
diff --git a/mm/maccess.c b/mm/maccess.c
index ec00be51a24fd6a9639897fafeea3abd45b9d3f4..482d4d670f19eedbb0a9b10719b121bcadebe89f 100644
--- a/mm/maccess.c
+++ b/mm/maccess.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Access kernel memory without faulting.
  */
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 96f1d473c89ae587006d772480854ef51b3ca7fe..ddf20bd0c3171a246f67ff293b978337608aaaaa 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/memory.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
index 328878b6799d0c2a6c40cc0b8657341a91b1f059..e096c987d261412ba0803aa29a34936a008b5ec5 100644
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/memory_hotplug.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/mm_init.c b/mm/mm_init.c
index 33917105a3a28ce4d791fb6d47144d3feef403f2..5c918388de993f18bb53e51af3f732b695d7e71d 100644
--- a/mm/mm_init.c
+++ b/mm/mm_init.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mm_init.c - Memory initialisation verification and debugging
  *
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
index 2d6a6662edb937e0b080409b060ae17318660c76..7e8c3e8ae75f123e7782444127aa91264b83417e 100644
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mm/mmap.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/nommu.c b/mm/nommu.c
index b492fd1fcf9ffe63a9b63920b21548a8312d4e8d..d8c02fbe03b587835f4f08537eda9d70d47a982d 100644
--- a/mm/nommu.c
+++ b/mm/nommu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/nommu.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/oom_kill.c b/mm/oom_kill.c
index 539c91d0b26ad34c2db1ac865e4144c35edc162a..5a58778c91d46d36f966fa2016c2ff176a83e7c0 100644
--- a/mm/oom_kill.c
+++ b/mm/oom_kill.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/oom_kill.c
  * 
diff --git a/mm/page-writeback.c b/mm/page-writeback.c
index 07656485c0e61a29018829f579f79e721ed243af..bdbe8b6b122523e3e4a013a01ce6e02a30cd9699 100644
--- a/mm/page-writeback.c
+++ b/mm/page-writeback.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mm/page-writeback.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 3b13d39141760edf95ab019e4ad52abea83e3b33..d66bc8abe0afd214bd6db006c9a610d9d6a64240 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/readahead.c b/mm/readahead.c
index a4593654a26c02694dbe56a1ff8f3384732da097..2fe72cd29b472fab0090a6b75bc11bb4dc6d18c6 100644
--- a/mm/readahead.c
+++ b/mm/readahead.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mm/readahead.c - address_space-level file readahead.
  *
diff --git a/mm/swap.c b/mm/swap.c
index 3a75722e68a9ee5c0ec618e36332232f085d8d36..7ede3eddc12ad9960ab72eaee0b719c321da92df 100644
--- a/mm/swap.c
+++ b/mm/swap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/swap.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
index cf63b5f01adf7da9d1def93f8763b50243adc698..596ac98051c5a50a460e8fb638e967932c5a86a5 100644
--- a/mm/swapfile.c
+++ b/mm/swapfile.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/swapfile.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/truncate.c b/mm/truncate.c
index b7d3c99f00c9386f2881e239ae09dc8e524eb2f4..8563339041f68c4a602ab364f913636071ccda70 100644
--- a/mm/truncate.c
+++ b/mm/truncate.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mm/truncate.c - code for taking down pages from address_spaces
  *
diff --git a/mm/util.c b/mm/util.c
index e2e4f8c3fa12ab96778f9308b7e2571f991f33af..91682a2090eeddb046761726eec1e81817c34d15 100644
--- a/mm/util.c
+++ b/mm/util.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/mm/vmalloc.c b/mm/vmalloc.c
index c42872ed82acb6c0f0f367181c64a3f91eeb15c4..233af6936c93774b7dd8ebb15156d73605a45751 100644
--- a/mm/vmalloc.c
+++ b/mm/vmalloc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/vmalloc.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
index a7d493366a65b31b547ef25d34b94f2417895372..fd7e16ca6996cc09d9480a40d0e00f39e132d5ab 100644
--- a/mm/vmstat.c
+++ b/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/mm/vmstat.c
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/br_vlan.c b/net/bridge/br_vlan.c
index 2db63997f313533662f5280f3afca5a2bd3ae22a..f47f526b4f191b868e956280a491fc35e7857857 100644
--- a/net/bridge/br_vlan.c
+++ b/net/bridge/br_vlan.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
diff --git a/net/compat.c b/net/compat.c
index a031bd33309234d2c42aebea62d151d51514380b..3f9ce609397f142e8c4cb3e5c51499fdd1e4ca1a 100644
--- a/net/compat.c
+++ b/net/compat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * 32bit Socket syscall emulation. Based on arch/sparc64/kernel/sys_sparc32.c.
  *
diff --git a/net/core/dst.c b/net/core/dst.c
index 1f13d90cd0e40628915c4e1e3b793c4ea1c5b448..e46366228eaf7cef1fdca6ade5bff8d54e3c7416 100644
--- a/net/core/dst.c
+++ b/net/core/dst.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * net/core/dst.c	Protocol independent destination cache.
  *
diff --git a/net/core/flow_dissector.c b/net/core/flow_dissector.c
index 548f39dde30711ac5be9e921993a6d8e53f74161..edd622956083dd01292dc58072884ba2147e8933 100644
--- a/net/core/flow_dissector.c
+++ b/net/core/flow_dissector.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/net/core/net_namespace.c b/net/core/net_namespace.c
index 711b161505ac1afcc2aa2dd5d07b33b5a2f1ac89..15f68842ac6b4c32845d9550f2b2e89ca4406999 100644
--- a/net/core/net_namespace.c
+++ b/net/core/net_namespace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
diff --git a/net/core/netpoll.c b/net/core/netpoll.c
index a0f05416657bbcf52b0e9554540f0a1345cfa28f..dd8b1a460d64d2d609afe3a8b24a4227edb8e005 100644
--- a/net/core/netpoll.c
+++ b/net/core/netpoll.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common framework for low-level network console, dump, and debugger code
  *
diff --git a/net/core/secure_seq.c b/net/core/secure_seq.c
index af6ad467ed6152d912cea6478a8ea9131d9fcac3..7b6b1d2c3d10913ef1ce35c3b67dd76d195273e5 100644
--- a/net/core/secure_seq.c
+++ b/net/core/secure_seq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2016 Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>. All Rights Reserved.
  */
diff --git a/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c b/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c
index 88c5069b5d20c74a63323a284f8346aa90efb865..c411c87ae865fba8361addd7f1339b909123a397 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
diff --git a/net/ipv4/ip_output.c b/net/ipv4/ip_output.c
index ac880beda8a76e971b1b64d743319aca7dddd972..bfd0ca554977a79fc3f231aaf6bbf77e28b2ebbf 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/ip_output.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/ip_output.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
diff --git a/net/ipv4/metrics.c b/net/ipv4/metrics.c
index ca9a5fefdefaec89a218d0341a5638d7a9614ab8..3205d5f7c8c942921c82c50148acfd9501394d0b 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/metrics.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/metrics.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netlink.c b/net/ipv4/netlink.c
index d8e3a1fb8e8267a12cd484263403d6c7b27e3010..b920e1bdcf588063f5e17b080f46cd308208d87f 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netlink.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netlink.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c
index bc6c02f1624383043147101cd4ad2157b3bc9289..e1862b64a90fba25b84dd9d5584e1f843406edd0 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Pluggable TCP congestion control support and newReno
  * congestion control.
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c
index 9c2a0d36fb200b04885cf90493274659640d561b..7c35731816e23fe0f82351d3848bf13379efad5f 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c
index 0c4ed66dc1bf3441a9b7e5c9c37692333c92f17c..f429e856e2631a9e6de1d2e060406742f97e538e 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_rate.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_rate.c
index baed2186c7c623737c739cbc1e35a3c772a8b15a..0de6935659635f5013a26c4f28cdd06436cfa8d2 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_rate.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_rate.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <net/tcp.h>
 
 /* The bandwidth estimator estimates the rate at which the network
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c
index 2ac23da42dd277b4c360307781f53594bd9a0c10..5bad937ce779ef8dca42a26dcbb5f1d60a571c73 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_ulp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_ulp.c
index 95df7f7f6328b86e2d24cc62695e598f73e8a96d..3d8a1d8354719378ef157e36dbe21c57af9a4b7c 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_ulp.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_ulp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Pluggable TCP upper layer protocol support.
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv6/addrconf_core.c b/net/ipv6/addrconf_core.c
index 763a947e0d14d3455492b0a13c96153c6936535d..5b1246635e02ab350927fe8981153004739de26b 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/addrconf_core.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/addrconf_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IPv6 library code, needed by static components when full IPv6 support is
  * not configured or static.
diff --git a/net/ipv6/exthdrs_core.c b/net/ipv6/exthdrs_core.c
index ae365df8abf7babfebc50ccfb1e1ea3889a5129e..11a43ee4dd454b05eb8e7a0bc245ad202c68b6e1 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/exthdrs_core.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/exthdrs_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IPv6 library code, needed by static components when full IPv6 support is
  * not configured or static.
diff --git a/net/ipv6/output_core.c b/net/ipv6/output_core.c
index 868ae23dbae195de0e81fcad2566af2420294d7e..af36acc1a6448104ca6c71854e84b1a4bab4b3ea 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/output_core.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/output_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IPv6 library code, needed by static components when full IPv6 support is
  * not configured or static.  These functions are needed by GSO/GRO implementation.
diff --git a/net/mac80211/chan.c b/net/mac80211/chan.c
index d9558ffb8acf73b8d596989a3fe22e753937f5d9..9c94baaf693cbb531e57fafdf26144667a4fe68a 100644
--- a/net/mac80211/chan.c
+++ b/net/mac80211/chan.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * mac80211 - channel management
  */
diff --git a/net/netfilter/ipset/pfxlen.c b/net/netfilter/ipset/pfxlen.c
index d5be9c25fad602d15d7fb685c53b0225cabd5a32..ff570bff922157f5e134d734476b4bbd49df49d1 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/ipset/pfxlen.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/ipset/pfxlen.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/netfilter/ipset/pfxlen.h>
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe.c b/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe.c
index 0df17caa8af6cb82d022bc902602b64843a3fa54..8e104dff7abc414c3879a5a7555814badf44b8e4 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define KMSG_COMPONENT "IPVS"
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KMSG_COMPONENT ": " fmt
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_gre.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_gre.c
index ee9ab10a32e47bc1fad154507bef3e2b45fdaf51..c2eb365f1723751a13e5799ea0db6c5264000db3 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_gre.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_gre.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ip_conntrack_proto_gre.c - Version 3.0
  *
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_seqadj.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_seqadj.c
index 9da303461069cd9ea353ab9fa173b5b4322a665f..dc21a43cd145fda4143aa85a33e881362c0067da 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_seqadj.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_seqadj.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/netfilter.h>
 #include <net/tcp.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c
index 0d603e20b519fe082a32c3fb31a74819a0acb8ef..96825e20368f2b62b20a7655877c0574f0de4990 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_log.c b/net/netfilter/nf_log.c
index a61d6df6e5f64f5b2086d14f35c88a0491f77ce6..3574a212bdc2136de018286cc290256302800302 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_log.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_log.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/addr.c b/net/sunrpc/addr.c
index 2e0a6f92e563d7942b3bf7fa17b43e3f44dc9355..d024af4be85e8f3997ee3f67404623375f5ed412 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/addr.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/addr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/auth.c b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
index e7861026b9e52ac07d0e12971d10323be69f7870..cdb05b48de4498b59bebab11c812cb88f64e158c 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/auth.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/auth.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/clnt.c b/net/sunrpc/clnt.c
index c1f1afabd024230739bb1ec38747e433814cb39c..d6e57da56c94df21d510459d419878e66c20b549 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/clnt.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/clnt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/net/sunrpc/clnt.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c b/net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c
index 979d23646e335be11dfb84aad683163df3fb35cf..126d31472a995df07b24f777f07181b108618e6b 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c b/net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c
index 2277b7cdad27ff14cabf3ecdc7dfe2b6ffb757f8..4a020b6888608b0c41864d9ac06477bcffe5525c 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * In-kernel rpcbind client supporting versions 2, 3, and 4 of the rpcbind
  * protocol
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/sched.c b/net/sunrpc/sched.c
index 1a12fb03e611d4213dc9e59c60dda4864817ab50..bb04ae52803ab7ee26819e7f00b66a46a1e7ed57 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/sched.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/sched.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/sched.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/socklib.c b/net/sunrpc/socklib.c
index 9faea12624a6b77b7c9097aea2c7bcded6d19841..1a864f1ed119b0affa0d72c65b4d6e0dbac2aa8f 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/socklib.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/socklib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/socklib.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/stats.c b/net/sunrpc/stats.c
index 71166b393732c0632ca86ce0e590570cc2e14ae1..2b6dc7e5f74f64ccd25e1a0d4159ca6126598f7e 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/stats.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/stats.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/stats.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svc.c b/net/sunrpc/svc.c
index 2be8278202471360192abe5661fc2ef016945f6d..e15cb704453eac155a02f215244e09e73c875fea 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/svc.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/svc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/svc.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svc_xprt.c b/net/sunrpc/svc_xprt.c
index 9429b28e9ba0d14b06dbdc65b064809b7aa33947..869ce77379975876326595b0df6b8c68cf68b881 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/svc_xprt.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/svc_xprt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/svc_xprt.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svcauth.c b/net/sunrpc/svcauth.c
index 775b8c94265bc329e3a36bf8b3010e53f054c1e2..550b214cb0015611970426fab50cf093b8c370bc 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/svcauth.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/svcauth.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/svcauth.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svcauth_unix.c b/net/sunrpc/svcauth_unix.c
index f92ef79c8ea56c70933c5018ae4ae7969fd8d13d..5c04ba7d456b2223d9d44728e9afbdc9f7265ebd 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/svcauth_unix.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/svcauth_unix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c b/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
index 540fde2804d025009b46f8369eecbff9dbffeb13..2934dd7117153f5c4ba87b17be0e3a42d0c8517b 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/sysctl.c b/net/sunrpc/sysctl.c
index 0bea8ff8b0d389e4bb991ce1d3e4de7ea7545fca..d75f17b56f0e17ee52b5703429ef5e1366da6475 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/sysctl.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/sysctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/sysctl.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/timer.c b/net/sunrpc/timer.c
index 08881d0c967232c59b0c6c59809ab28e6ee58c36..81ae35b3764f2383f48e354b26f4b7facfd992f6 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/timer.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/timer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/timer.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/xdr.c b/net/sunrpc/xdr.c
index aa8177ddcbda81e157fd886f2696da1dd8186c60..48c93b9e525ee3301718e1a5a17be0b92ace1e30 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/xdr.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/xdr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/xdr.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/xprt.c b/net/sunrpc/xprt.c
index a9d40bc7ebed077df68f05e5dd5f963e89ade0b2..ad21880d5601c470730a3c677e12cc337054f771 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/xprt.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/xprt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/net/sunrpc/xprt.c
  *
diff --git a/net/sysctl_net.c b/net/sysctl_net.c
index 9aed6fe1bf1ad67057d5ec001806729cd5988a94..d14dab8b6774c2fbf5c0278bb1d272b46f3760b3 100644
--- a/net/sysctl_net.c
+++ b/net/sysctl_net.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* -*- linux-c -*-
  * sysctl_net.c: sysctl interface to net subsystem.
  *
diff --git a/net/wireless/nl80211.c b/net/wireless/nl80211.c
index fffe4b371e2353a1a5588f309cebc48a28994051..c391b560d98631c222f3a03563f84fad5e8ac8f5 100644
--- a/net/wireless/nl80211.c
+++ b/net/wireless/nl80211.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This is the new netlink-based wireless configuration interface.
  *
diff --git a/net/wireless/wext-compat.h b/net/wireless/wext-compat.h
index 94c7405a541347c4a0130cf45b7770ecff87e829..8d3cc1552e2f03d2b9ac5b9ac529b7f2274fc0c4 100644
--- a/net/wireless/wext-compat.h
+++ b/net/wireless/wext-compat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 #ifndef __WEXT_COMPAT
 #define __WEXT_COMPAT
 
diff --git a/net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c b/net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c
index 410233c5681e55d51b72b254be4e08ea913f3ebb..7ce1eda4b1f5e736af0506cf2de499ed557eb989 100644
--- a/net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c
+++ b/net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * xfrm_policy.c
  *
diff --git a/net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c b/net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c
index c5d81316330b34adbc13a6a059b765de10c5c595..50621d9829707341844ad684d2f639ac1e2779d5 100644
--- a/net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c
+++ b/net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * xfrm_state.c
  *
diff --git a/scripts/genksyms/keywords.c b/scripts/genksyms/keywords.c
index 9f40bcd17d07f5bbeb1ab2fa0793d632116ae06e..e93336baaaeda457e83e30ec214a047bef98db83 100644
--- a/scripts/genksyms/keywords.c
+++ b/scripts/genksyms/keywords.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 static struct resword {
 	const char *name;
 	int token;
diff --git a/scripts/tags.sh b/scripts/tags.sh
index 70e14c67bde73b1e5e5856ebef812a5e4ba9ab4b..d46be47633af4f0ca38ef3c52170e2b7234a6010 100755
--- a/scripts/tags.sh
+++ b/scripts/tags.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 # Generate tags or cscope files
 # Usage tags.sh <mode>
 #
diff --git a/sound/hda/array.c b/sound/hda/array.c
index 5dfa610e4471887c1c1570a61cd921c6493372de..a204dcee0034fa3d3ef4a93ef5cd37715f161a58 100644
--- a/sound/hda/array.c
+++ b/sound/hda/array.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * generic arrays
  */
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_bus.c b/sound/hda/hdac_bus.c
index 10e5d261fde1f962a0a0876ed535a6fc5c0f57d3..14e57ffd5bc198a5bb69ba862f19e2b34cd8d283 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_bus.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_bus.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HD-audio core bus driver
  */
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c b/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c
index b2e9454f5816a042c8218e0d76b770277e6eeedb..b02f74528b66de3c0dce17ac7add79581ccfeaec 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HD-audio controller helpers
  */
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_device.c b/sound/hda/hdac_device.c
index 4769f4c03e148a567288a61a92d833c8e983bef9..6907dbefd08c17ce72849ab96b307140ecbebbc2 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_device.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_device.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HD-audio codec core device
  */
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_regmap.c b/sound/hda/hdac_regmap.c
index 996dbc8502244a4b47c8743a39532bf2a579eb27..f399a1552e730e2849b2a39e9029fdd08b5205f2 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_regmap.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_regmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Regmap support for HD-audio verbs
  *
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_stream.c b/sound/hda/hdac_stream.c
index 76e9b41fcea2cb662966d325f20f48d9ce6b8a95..55d53b89ac21583e5f55308350dc54ed26b82843 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_stream.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_stream.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HD-audio stream operations
  */
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdmi_chmap.c b/sound/hda/hdmi_chmap.c
index f21633cd9b38ea9a8f6a3c955f9209a8f66ecf2f..886cb7811bd63a361d8bb28eecde64970b3f8401 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdmi_chmap.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdmi_chmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HDMI Channel map support helpers
  */
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_bind.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_bind.c
index 1ec706ced75ca4d0d45c1774bc799c534da71d23..8272b50b83493f6d0f0485b221f82b6068283863 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_bind.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_bind.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HD-audio codec driver binding
  * Copyright (c) Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c
index c154b19a0c4594e07fb955d9110e19a9c47ec8d7..fcc34417cbce34b150ee477dcfc93114289fe6fe 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * sysfs interface for HD-audio codec
  *
diff --git a/tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S b/tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S
index 9d05572370edc40f234f2813f5fc1c82020ad94f..92748660ba51234f31a651d9181f50605418f0c9 100644
--- a/tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S
+++ b/tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /* Copyright 2002 Andi Kleen */
 
 #include <linux/linkage.h>